Pope Innocent VIII Summis desiderantes affectibus ( English : Desiring with supreme ardor ) [1] [2] was a papal bull issued by Pope Innocent VIII on December 5, 1484. Summis desiderantes affectibus (Latin for "desiring with supreme ardor"), sometimes abbreviated to Summis desiderantes was a papal bull regarding witchcraft issued by Pope Innocent VIII on 5 December 1484. [4], The bull was written in response to the request of Dominican Inquisitor Heinrich Kramer for explicit authority to prosecute witchcraft in Germany, after he was refused assistance by the local ecclesiastical authorities,[2] who maintained that as the letter of deputation did not specifically mention where the inquisitors may operate, they could not legally exercise their functions in their areas. In Rome he became a priest in the retinue of cardinal Calandnini, half-brother to Pope Nicholas V (1447–55). On December 5th, 1484, Pope Innocent VIII issued an edict (Bull) entitled Summis desiderantes affectibus alleging that many men and women were in collusion with the Devil. Del Rio, Martin Antoine and Maxwell-Stuart, P. G.. Halsall, Paul. [10] However, the Malleus Maleficarum received an official condemnation by the Church three years later, and Kramer's claims of approval are seen by modern scholars as misleading. The Pope stated that after being converted to the faith or promised baptism, many of the inhabitants were taken from their homes and enslaved: The former was generally dealt with through confession, repentance, and charitable work assigned as penance. Deuteronomy 18:11–12 in the Hebrew Bible states: "Let there not be found among you anyone who immolates his son or daughter in the fire, nor a fortune-teller, soothsayer, charmer, diviner, or caster of spells, nor one who consults ghosts and spirits or seeks oracles from the dead. [2], Kors and Peters, p. 180; Burr, p. 7: Burr also refers to this document as. [3], The early Church distinguished between "white" and "black" magic. The papal conclave of 1484 was riven with faction, while gangs rioted in the streets. The bull sought to remedy this jurisdictional dispute by specifically identifying the dioceses of Mainz, Köln, Trier, Salzburg, and Bremen. Pope Innocent XI appointed him a Cardinal of San Pancrazio in 1668. Popes issued documents, known as papal bulls, in their administration of Church affairs. At the same time by Letters Apostolic We require Our venerable Brother, the Bishop of Strasburg (Albrecht von Bayern, 1478-1506 – ed. Your email address will not be published. During what is known as the Little Ice Age , the grip of freezing weather, failing of crops, rising crime, and mass starvation resulted in an increasing fear of witches. Constantly confronted with a depleted treasury, he resorted to the objectionable expedient of creating new offices and granting them to the highest bidders. Now you might be tempted into thinking that Innocent was guileless, gullible, or merely a product of his times… 2020 The Malleus Maleficarum. This bull confirmed John's royal charter of 3 October 1213 bearing a golden seal, sometimes called the Bulla Aurea. His election was manipulated by Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere (later Pope Julius II ), whose tool Innocent remained. This Papal Bull, decreed by Pope Innocent VIII in 1484, addresses the presence of witchcraft in Germany and in other areas. All Christians were required to assist the two Dominican monks, Jacob Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer, placed in charge of handling this supposed Witchcraft problem. By Our supreme authority We grant them anew full and complete faculties. The Bull is also printed in full at the head of the Malleus maleficarum. Pope Innocent VIII ( ; 1432 – 25 July 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was the head of the Catholic Church from 29 August 1484 to his death in 1492.. Career. ), that he himself shall announce, or by some other or others cause to be announced, the burthen if Our Bull, which he shall solemnly publish when and so often as he deems it necessary, or when he shall be requested so to do by the Inquisitors or by one of them. Jun 3, 2015 - During what is known as the Little Ice Age, the grip of freezing weather, failing of crops, rising crime, and mass starvation resulted in an increasing fear of witches. Shortly after his coronation Innocent VIII addressed a fruitless summons to Christendom to unite in a crusade against the Turks. This is a very incomplete list of papal bulls by the year in which they were issued. 1484: Pope Innocent VIII issued a papal bull "Summis desiderantes" on DEC-5 which promoted the tracking down, torturing and executing of Satan worshipers. 1486-1487: Institoris (Heinrich Kraemer) and Jacob Sprenger published the Malleus Maleficarum (The Witches' Hammer). Quotes from the 1928 English translation of the bull. All Christians were required to assist the two Dominican monks, Jacob Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer, placed in charge of handling this supposed Witchcraft problem. by Valérie Pirie < Prev T of C ... Plates Prelim. Named bishop of Savona, Italy, in 1467 by Pope Paul II, he was made cardinal in 1473 by Pope Sixtus IV, whom he succeeded. Given at Rome, at S. Peter’s, on the 9 December of the Year of the Incarnation of Our Lord one thousand four hundred and eighty-four, in the first year of Our Pontificate. In 1394, Pedro de Lunatic, aka Pope Benedict XIII, declared himself pontiff at Avignon, in opposition to Pope "Innocent" VIII. Nor shall he suffer them in disobedience to the tenor of these presents to be molested or hindered by any authority whatsoever, but he shall threaten all who endeavour to hinder or harass the Inquisitors, all who oppose them, all rebels, of whatsoever rank, estate, position, pre-eminence, dignity, or any condition they may be, or whatsoever privilege or exemption they may claim, with excommunication, suspension, interdict, and yet more terrible penalties, censures, and punishment, as may seem good to him, and that without any right of appeal, and if he will he may by Our authority aggravate and renew these penalties as often as he list, calling in, if so please him, the help of the secular arm. On the request of German inquisitor Heinrich Kramer, Innocent VIII issued … Continue reading → Established the papal conclave as the method of selection for a pope, imposing progressively stricter restrictions on cardinals the longer a conclave lasted to encourage a quick selection. 1655.His parents were Camillo Pamfili and Flamnia de Bubalis. Innocent, Bishop, Servant of the servants of God, for an eternal remembrance. Thks, Your email address will not be published. Pope Innocent VIII and the witches - Stephen Morris, author During what is known as the Little Ice Age, the grip of freezing weather, failing of crops, rising crime, and … Some examples from Tudor History: The Bull of Pope Innocent VIII approving the marriage of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, the two issued by Julius II that granted the dispensation allowing Henry VIII to marry his brother Arthur ’s widow, Catherine of Aragon, and the bull by Pius V against Elizabeth I. bull of pope innocent viii. The papal bull of Pope Innocent VIII known as Summis desiderantes (5 December 1484). It is a fascinating study of the authors' misogyny and sexual frustration. This bull had some effect in England, chiefly because of its support by the archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Winchelsey, but in France there was no strong defender of papal prerogative against the concerted … The bull recognized the existence of witches: Many persons of both sexes, unmindful of their own salvation and straying from the Catholic Faith, have abandoned themselves to devils, incubi and succubi, and by their incantations, spells, conjurations, and other accursed charms and crafts, enormities and horrid offences, have slain infants yet in the mother's womb, as also the offspring of cattle, have blasted the produce of the earth, the grapes of the vine, the fruits of the trees, nay, men and women, beasts of burthen, herd-beasts, as well as animals of other kinds, vineyards, orchards, meadows, pasture-land, corn, wheat, and all other cereals; these wretches furthermore afflict and torment men and women, beasts of burthen, herd-beasts, as well as animals of other kinds, with terrible and piteous pains and sore diseases, both internal and external; they hinder men from performing the sexual act and women from conceiving, ...they blasphemously renounce that Faith which is theirs by the Sacrament of Baptism, and at the instigation of the Enemy of Mankind they do not shrink from committing and perpetrating the foulest abominations and filthiest excesses to the deadly peril of their own souls, ...the abominations and enormities in question remain unpunished not without open danger to the souls of many and peril of eternal damnation. S ummis desiderantes affectibus, (Latin for “Desiring with supreme ardor”), so named after its opening words and sometimes abbreviated to Summis desiderantes, was a papal bull regarding witchcraft issued by Pope Innocent VIII on 5 December 1484. It also justifies the enslavement of Africans. Ch XVth Century XVIth Century XVIIth Century ... Next > Calixtus III Pius II Paul II Sixtus IV Innocent VIII Alexander VI. Pope Innocent VIII put Sprenger and Kramer in charge of seeking out and fighting people who supposedly in association with Satan to cause disease and pestilence, harm harvests and cattle, and perpetuate other heinous crimes. [8], The bull urged local authorities to cooperate with the inquisitors and threatened those who impeded their work with excommunication. A protracted conflict with King Ferdinand I of Naples was the principal obstacle. The bull essentially repeated Kramer's view that an outbreak of witchcraft and heresy had occurred in the Rhine River valley, specifically in the bishoprics of Mainz, Cologne, and Trier, as well as in Salzburg and Bremen, including accusations of certain acts. The decree asserts the rights of Spain and Portugal to colonize, convert, and enslave. On December 5th, 1484, Pope Innocent VIII issued an edict (Bull) entitled Summis desiderantes affectibus alleging that many men and women were in collusion with the Devil. After the death of Pope Alexander VIII, he was elected Pope in July 1691. Sent to Bishop Ferdinand, located at Rubicon on the island of Lanzarote, this bull condemned the enslavement of the black natives of the newly colonized Canary Islands off the coast of Africa. According to Herbert Thurston, the fierce denunciation and persecution of supposed sorceresses which characterized the cruel witchhunts of a later age, were not generally found in the first thirteen hundred years of the Christian era. Accordingly in the aforesaid provinces, townships, dioceses, and districts, the abominations and enormities in question remain unpunished not without open danger to the souls of many and peril of eternal damnation. To the p[er]petuall memory of this he [ ] to he hade, by his p[ro]pre mocion without p[ro]curewent of our soverayn lord the Kyng or other person for consernacyon of the vniuersal peas and esehewyng of Sklaun­dres, and to … The Catholic Encyclopedia. Innocent excommunicated him in 1489 and invited King Charles VIII of … Moreover, for greater surety We extend these letters deputing this authority to cover all the aforesaid provinces, townships, dioceses, districts, territories, persons, and crimes newly rehearsed, and We grant permission to the aforesaid Inquisitors, to one separately or to both, as also to Our dear son John Gremper, priest of the diocese of Constance, Master of Arts, their notary, or to any other public notary, who shall be by them, or by one of them, temporarily delegated to those provinces, townships, dioceses, districts, and aforesaid territories, to proceed, according to the regulations of the Inquisition, against any persons of whatsoever rank and high estate, correcting, mulcting, imprisoning, punishing, as their crimes merit, those whom they have found guilty, the penalty being adapted to the offence. [3], Summis desiderantes affectibus was published as part of the preface of the book, implying papal approval for the work. "Witchcraft." Issued by Pope Innocent VIII on this date in 1484, the papal bull (a written, legal order, so called because of the bulla, or lead seal, used to authenticate the document) known as Summis desiderantes affectibus recognized the existence of witches and witchcraft and extended papal authority for the pursuit, imprisonment, and "correction" of witches "according to their deserts." OUR holy fadre, the Pope Innocent the viij. INNOCENT VIII 1484—1492 So, in essence, Kramer had a Papal seal of approval. On the request of German inquisitor Heinrich Kramer, Innocent VIII issued the papal bull known as Summis desiderantes (5 December 1484), which … On 5 Dec., 1484, he issued his much-abused Bull against witchcraft, and 31 May, 1492, he solemnly received at Rome the Holy Lance which the Sultan surrendered to the Christians. Belief in witchcraft is ancient. Innocent VIII: BULL Summis desiderantes, Dec. 5th, 1484 Bullarium Romanum (Taurinensis editio), sub, anno 1484. And although Our dear sons Henry Kramer and James Sprenger, Professors of Theology, of the Order of Friars Preachers, have been by Letters Apostolic delegated as Inquisitors of these heretical pravities, and still are Inquisitors, the first in the aforesaid parts of Northern Germany, wherein are included those aforesaid townships, districts, dioceses, and other specified localities, and the second in certain territories which lie along the borders of the Rhine, nevertheless not a few clerics and lay folk of those countries, seeking too curiously to know more than concerns them, since in the aforesaid delegatory letters there is no express and specific mention by name of these provinces, townships, dioceses, and districts, and further since the two delegates themselves and the abominations they are to encounter are not designated in detailed and particular fashion, these persons are not ashamed to contend with the most unblushing effrontery that these enormities are not practised in these provinces, and consequently the aforesaid Inquisitors have no legal right to exercise their powers of inquisition in the provinces, townships, dioceses, districts, and territories, which have been rehearsed, and that the Inquisitors may not proceed to punish, imprison, and penalize criminals convicted of the heinous offences and many wickednesses which have been set forth. [9] Despite this threat, the bull failed to ensure that Kramer obtained the support he had hoped for, causing him to retire and to compile his views on witchcraft into his book Malleus Maleficarum, which was published in 1487. Ferdinand's oppressive government led in 1485 to a rebellion of the aristocracy, known as the Conspiracy of the Barons, which included Francesco Coppola and Antonello Sanseverino of Salerno and was supported by Pope Innocent VIII. In 1296 he issued the bull Clericis laicos, which forbade under the sanction of automatic excommunication any imposition of taxes on the clergy without express license by the pope. The Bull of Innocent VIII – The Malleus Maleficarum The Bull of Innocent VIII Innocent, Bishop, Servant of the servants of God, for an eternal remembrance. The Malleus professed, in part fraudulently, to have been approved by the University of Cologne, and it was sensational in the stigma it attached to witchcraft as a worse crime than heresy and in its notable animus against women. The papal bull of Pope Innocent VIII known as Summis desiderantes (5 December 1484). Innocent X, POPE (GIAMBATTISTA PAMFILI), b. at Rome, May 6, 1574; d. there, January 7,. The young man studied jurisprudence at the Collegio Romano and graduated as bachelor of laws at the age of twenty. Papal Bull annulling Magna Carta: There was an ongoing conflict between King John of England and Pope Innocent III over the election of the Archbishop of Canterbury, as the king had refused to recognize papal nominee, Stephen Langton. Required fields are marked *, © Non obstantibus … Let no man therefore … But if any dare to do so, which God forbid, let him know that upon him will fall the wrath of Almighty God, and of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul. The Triple Crown: An Account of the Papal Conclaves. After he assumed the pontificate in 1484, one of Innocent’s first official acts was the issuing of a bull condemning witchcraft. Pope Alexander VI issues a papal bull or decree, “Inter Caetera," in which he authorizes Spain and Portugal to colonize the Americas and its Native peoples as subjects. The bull was written in response to the request of Dominican Inquisitor Heinrich Kramer for explicit authority to prosecute witchcraft in Germany, after he was refused assistance by the local ecclesiastical authorities. [7], It gave approval for the Inquisition to proceed "correcting, imprisoning, punishing and chastising" such persons "according to their deserts". This papal bull, distributed by Innocent VIII in 1488, asserts the pope’s privilege of appointing the Master of the Spanish Order of St. James of Compostella, the pre-eminent pilgrimage site in Europe. Moreover, they shall enjoy a full and perfect faculty of expounding and preaching the word of God to the faithful, so often as opportunity may offer and it may seem good to them, in each and every parish church of the said provinces, and they shall freely and lawfully perform any rites or execute any business which may appear advisable in the aforesaid cases. Pope Innocent VIII Summis desiderantes affectibus , ( Latin for Desiring with supreme ardor ), sometimes abbreviated to Summis desiderantes [1] [2] was a papal bull regarding witchcraft issued by Pope Innocent VIII on December 5, 1484. The elongated characters of the heading, "SERVUS SERVORUM DEI," refer to the pope, who in his governance of the … It has indeed lately come to Our ears, not without afflicting Us with bitter sorrow, that in some parts of Northern Germany, as well as in the provinces, townships, territories, districts, and dioceses of Mainz, Cologne, Tréves, Salzburg, and Bremen, many persons of both sexes, unmindful of their own salvation and straying from the Catholic Faith, have abandoned themselves to devils, incubi and succubi, and by their incantations, spells, conjurations, and other accursed charms and crafts, enormities and horrid offences, have slain infants yet in the mother’s womb, as also the offspring of cattle, have blasted the produce of the earth, the grapes of the vine, the fruits of the trees, nay, men and women, beasts of burthen, herd-beasts, as well as animals of other kinds, vineyards, orchards, meadows, pasture-land, corn, wheat, and all other cereals; these wretches furthermore afflict and torment men and women, beasts of burthen, herd-beasts, as well as animals of other kinds, with terrible and piteous pains and sore diseases, both internal and external; they hinder men from performing the sexual act and women from conceiving, whence husbands cannot know their wives nor wives receive their husbands; over and above this, they blasphemously renounce that Faith which is theirs by the Sacrament of Baptism, and at the instigation of the Enemy of Mankind they do not shrink from committing and perpetrating the foulest abominations and filthiest excesses to the deadly peril of their own souls, whereby they outrage the Divine Majesty and are a cause of scandal and danger to very many. [11], The bull, which synthesized the spiritual and the secular crimes of witchcraft,[12] is often viewed as opening the door for the witchhunts of the early modern period. 533-6 (Kegan Paul). full text of the Papal Bull of 1484: Innocent VIII: BULL … During what is known as the Little Ice Age, the grip of freezing weather, failing of crops, rising crime, and mass starvation resulted in an increasing fear of witches. It’s from a Papal Bull called Summis Desiderantes Affectibus, issued by Pope Innocent VIII, at the request of the aforementioned Heinrich Kramer. Innocent III: Ended papal sanctions against King John in England and the Lordship of Ireland in exchange for that realm's pledge of fealty to the papacy. ... Innocent VIII: Innocent, bishop, servant of the servants of God, Ad futuram rei memoriam The Papal Bull of 1484 was important because it shows that Pope Innocent VIII not only openly acknowledged witchcraft as a threat, but also gives encouragement to witch hunts. That Benedict has been called an "Antipope" since the Papacy returned to Roma in 1377. "Innocent VIII: BULL Summis desiderantes, Dec. 5th, 1484", Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament, Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants, Treatises on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Summis_desiderantes_affectibus&oldid=992889315, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 17:18. [3] Some scholars view the bull as "clearly political", motivated by jurisdictional disputes between the local German Catholic priests and clerics from the Office of the Inquisition who answered more directly to the pope.[6]. Innocent VIII, original name Giovanni Battista Cibo, (born 1432, Genoa—died July 25/26, 1492, Rome), pope from 1484 to 1492. ", Pope Gregory VII wrote to Harald III of Denmark in 1080 forbidding witches to be put to death upon presumption of their having caused storms or failure of crops or pestilence. In 1473, with the support of Giuliano Della Rovere, later Pope Julius II, he was made cardinal by Pope Sixtus IV, whom he succeeded on 29 August 1484 as Pope Innocent VIII. DESIRING with the most hearfelt anxiety, even as Our Apostleship requires, that the Catholic faith should especially in this Our day increase and flourish everywhere, and that all heretical depravity should be driven far from the frontiers and bournes of the Faithful, We very gladly proclaim and even restate those particular means and methods whereby Our pious desire may obtain its wished effect, since when all errors are uprooted by Our diligent avocation as by the hoe of a provident husbandman, a zeal for, and the regular observance of, Our holy Faith will be all the more strongly impressed upon the hearts of the faithful. On the request of German inquisitor Heinrich Kramer, Innocent VIII issued the papal bull Summis desiderantes (5 December 1484), which supported Kramer's investigations against magicians and witches : "It has recently come to our ears, not without great pain to … This specific cultural and intellectual background that made the German witchhunts possible is explored by H. Erik Midelfort, Thurston, Herbert. The Pamfili resided originally at Gubbio, in Umbria, but came to Rome during the pontificate of Innocent VIII. Summis desiderantes affectibus (Latin for "desiring with supreme ardor"), sometimes abbreviated to Summis desiderantes[1][2] was a papal bull regarding witchcraft issued by Pope Innocent VIII on 5 December 1484. Its direct purport was to ratify the powers already conferred upon Kramer (also known as "Henry Institoris") and James Sprenger to deal with witchcraft as well as heresy, and it called upon the Bishop of Strasburg (then Albert of Palatinate-Mosbach) to lend the inquisitors all possible support. The translation of this Bull is reprinted by permission from “The Geography of Witchcraft,” by Montague Summers, pp. However, its similarities to previous papal documents, emphasis on preaching, and lack of dogmatic pronouncement complicate this view. After emptying the papal treasury in the service of failed wars in Italy, Innocent, on his deathbed, reportedly drinking the blood of three boys as a curative measure, begged his cardinals to elect a successor better than himself. Wherefore We, as is Our duty, being wholly desirous of removing all hindrances and obstacles by which the good work of the Inquisitors may be let and tarded, as also of applying potent remedies to prevent the disease of heresy and other turpitudes diffusing their poison to the destruction of many innocent souls, since Our zeal for the Faith especially incites us, lest that the provinces, townships, dioceses, districts, and territories of Germany, which We had specified, be deprived of the benefits of the Holy Office thereto assigned, by the tenor of these presents in virtue of Our Apostolic authority We decree and enjoin that the aforesaid Inquisitors be empowered to proceed to the just correction, imprisonment, and punishment of any persons, without let or hindrance, in every way as if the provinces, townships, dioceses, districts, territories, yea, even the persons and their crimes in this kind were named and particularly designated in Our letters. 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